Pakistan Eyes Return To Bay Of Bengal For First Time Since 1971 With Hangor-Class Submarines

Pakistan has indicated that its newly inducted Hangor-class submarines could be deployed beyond the Arabian Sea into the Bay of Bengal, expanding its naval presence more than 50 years after its eastern maritime presence ended following the 1971 war.

The comments, made by senior Pakistan Navy officers around the arrival and commissioning of the first China-built Hangor-class submarine, come as Islamabad modernises its undersea fleet and deepens defence ties with Beijing, while also witnessing a renewed phase of engagement with Bangladesh.

First Hangor submarine enters service

The first Hangor-class submarine arrived in Karachi after being commissioned in China in April, according to Pakistan Navy officials.

The vessel is part of a programme to induct eight submarines of the class, which are intended to replace ageing Agosta-class platforms.

Built in China, the Hangor-class submarines are equipped with air-independent propulsion (AIP) technology, allowing them to remain submerged for extended periods without surfacing or snorkeling, increasing stealth and operational endurance.

A senior Pakistan Navy officer described the submarine as a “game changer” and said it could help Pakistan maintain a presence in the Bay of Bengal, where it has had little naval activity since 1971.

The submarine’s name carries historical significance. During the 1971 India-Pakistan war, the Pakistani submarine PNS Hangor sank the Indian Navy warship INS Khukri in the Arabian Sea, killing 176 sailors, including Captain Mahendra Nath Mulla.

Despite that engagement, Pakistan ultimately suffered a decisive defeat in the 1971 conflict, which led to the secession of East Pakistan and the creation of Bangladesh.

After 1971, Pakistan’s naval activity remained mostly limited to the Arabian Sea, with no meaningful presence in the eastern Indian Ocean.

Possible expansion toward Bay of Bengal

Senior Pakistan Navy remarks, including those reported during a port visit in Colombo, suggest that the new submarines may operate in wider waters, including the Bay of Bengal.

The Bay of Bengal is an important sea region bordered by India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Sri Lanka. It is a busy route for shipping and energy transport.

India has a strong military presence in the region, supported by its Eastern Naval Command and island bases in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

No timeline or confirmed deployment plan has been announced by Pakistan.

China partnership and submarine expansion

The Hangor-class programme is Pakistan’s biggest naval upgrade in years. It plans to build and operate eight submarines in total.

The submarines are being built with China’s support under a multi-billion-dollar programme that also includes technology transfer and local production elements.

These submarines are designed mainly for conventional naval roles, including surveillance and anti-ship operations.

Growing Pakistan-Bangladesh Ties

The submarine development comes at a time of improving relations between Pakistan and Bangladesh.

Trade between the two countries has increased significantly, and direct flights between Karachi and Dhaka have resumed after decades. Both countries have also discussed expanding investment and economic cooperation.

Military ties have also grown. Bangladesh has taken part in joint naval exercises with Pakistan, and its air force has shown interest in JF-17 fighter jets made by Pakistan and China.

In November 2025, a Pakistani warship visited Chattogram in Bangladesh, the first such visit since 1971.

Regional impact

The Bay of Bengal is becoming more important in regional security due to its role in global trade routes and energy shipping lanes.

India remains the dominant naval power in the area, while Pakistan’s new submarines suggest it is trying to extend its reach beyond its traditional waters.

However, Pakistan has not confirmed any permanent presence or regular operations in the Bay of Bengal.

References: indiandefensenews, indiatoday